Ethnic Studies Practice Exam

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• According to James Jones in "The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment: A Moral Astigmatism," how were men persuaded to participate in the experiment?
• What drives migration of low-wage, informal, and seasonal labor to the United States?
• The Boarding School Healing Project proposed collective reparations that include all of the following EXCEPT:
• Michelle Alexander shows that the process of mass incarceration happens in three stages. What are these three stages?
• According to Lan Haney López, naturalization rights expanded from 1870 until 1952 when race and nationality were no longer a consideration.
• What action did Homer Plessy take to challenge the constitutionality of the 1890 Louisiana Separate Car Law?
• A university's admissions policies give an advantage to children of wealthy alumni, leading to a whiter student population. This is an example of which type of discrimination?
• Which case is commonly cited as overturning the 'separate but equal' doctrine in public education?
• The shift to Model Minority stereotypes during the Cold War era was reinforced to emphasize which of the following?
• Which statement describes the three levels of discrimination described by the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights?
• Which amendment gave African American men the right to vote?
• The Boarding School Healing Project included language revitalization among possible reparations.
• Southeast Asian American refugees from wars in Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam had the lowest rate of participation in welfare programs out of any ethnic group in the US despite needing help with basic needs, language assistance, psychological care, and job training. True or False?
• Tape v. Hurley (1885) is best described as a case about which issue?
• Which statement is NOT true about the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act (Hart-Celler Act) and its results?
• Which amendment extended citizenship to individuals born in the United States and guaranteed due process and equal protection under the law?
• Michelle Alexander's The New Jim Crow argues that mass incarceration functions as what?
• Regarding sterilization abuse in the U.S., the Relf v. Weinberger case was a victory for women of color because it said states could not withhold welfare benefits to make women get sterilized. True or False?
• American Indian boarding schools are a prime example of which concept?
• Which statement accurately describes Madrigal v. Quilligan?
• In Washington v. Davis (1976), the Supreme Court shifted toward colorblind decisions; the court ruled that a test with racially unequal impact could be constitutional if the process was equal. True or False?
• Which amendment ended slavery?
• No Más Bebés is a documentary about which issue?
• What is the defining claim of broken windows policing?
• Abolitionist alternatives proposed by Angela Davis include which combination?
• The Moynihan Report stated that the 'fabric of Negro society' and the 'Negro family' were deteriorating primarily due to which factor?
• What is the relationship between power and racism, as suggested by the notes?
• According to Michelle Alexander, more black men are disenfranchised (without the right to vote) today than in 1870, the year the Fifteenth Amendment was ratified prohibiting laws that explicitly deny the right to vote on the basis of race. True or False?
• Disposability is best described as
• How does Ta-Nehisi Coates define racism?
• What does the 'intent barrier' doctrine require plaintiffs to prove?
• Broken Windows Policing is best described as which of the following?
• The Emancipation Proclamation freed enslaved people in which areas?
• Environmental racism is defined as a system where rules, laws, and choices put toxic waste dumps and heavy pollution near neighborhoods where people of color and poor workers live, with Standing Rock cited as an example. Which option best captures this definition?
• What practice did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 explicitly prohibit to protect minority representation?
• Racial profiling is defined as which practice?
• Rehabilitation is defined as
• Plessy v. Ferguson used property law primarily to protect which of the following?
• What is the core idea of broken windows policing?
• Which definition of racism explicitly accounts for how social power and hierarchy modify the impact of discrimination based on race?
• The term 'Second Reconstruction' refers to the period of civil rights expansion following which conflict?
• What is described by the term '120 formula' in the material?
• Which term describes citizenship by birth within a country’s territory?
• Which of the following was cited as a context for the mid-twentieth century shift from Yellow Peril to Model Minority stereotypes of Asian Americans?
• Collateral consequences of mass incarceration include which of the following?
• Which amendment abolished slavery in the United States?
• Due to factors like housing segregation by race, wealth disparities along racial lines, and growing reliance on parent donations due to public funding cuts to education, students in whiter suburban schools have access to more educational opportunities than students in poorer urban communities that are largely non-white. Which type of discrimination does this exemplify?
• Which option best summarizes state violence as described by Kelley?
• Omi and Winant argue that colonizers adopted the worldview of polygenesis as a means to explain why some people should be enslaved and others not. True or False?
• Which of the following entities affirmed the principle of jus soli (birthright citizenship) EXCEPT?
• Mandatory sentencing defines what?
• One-quarter of the world's incarcerated are incarcerated in the United States. True or False?
• The term for the extension of racial meaning to a previously unclassified group, relationship, or social practice is called
• Black Lives Matter Movement describes which?
• The Tuskegee Experiment was deployed by the Public Health Service and strategically undermined the health of its subjects who were all:
• In the notes, the term 'thug nation' is associated with which idea?
• Which term describes the policy of assimilation and erasure of Native culture?
• Natalia Marques highlights environmental justice concerns associated with which two water-related crises?
• Which policy change contributed to the Model Minority stereotype, according to the context?
• Racial profiling is defined as which practice?
• Which of the following is NOT a way corporations are involved with and profit from prisons?
• Noy Thrupkaew argues critiquing the model minority myth EXCEPT which statement?
• What is Mass Incarceration?
• Which case first desegregated public schools across an entire state in the United States?
• What is an example of how the United States has created an exploitable class of nonwhite workers, according to Aviva Chomsky?
• Which statement reflects the arguments proponents of segregated schools made to defend segregation?
• According to Natalia Marques (in "Environmental Racism is Poisoning America's Waters"), the lack of access to clean water in some poor Black and Native communities can be attributed to which of the following factors?
• Which term describes the condition of being outside full citizenship and unprotected by state law?
• What overarching conclusion is suggested by both Kelley and Coates?
• Which type of racial discrimination in education is illustrated by a teacher giving more detentions to Black students than to students of any other race?
• Deb Miranda argues that the teaching of California Mission history and California Indians contributes to cultural genocide, true or false?
• Which statement best captures the contrast between Kelley and Coates' perspectives?
• In the 1974 case Relf v. Weinberger, the court found that poor people in the South were being coerced into sterilization by threats including withholding welfare benefits or medical care. True or False?
• What allowed for enforcement of school desegregation after Brown v. Board of Education?
• In political discourse, which term has been used to describe undocumented migrants and has influenced border enforcement policies?
• Residential 'man camps' are associated with raising rates of sexual violence, sex trafficking, and overall harm against Indigenous women. True or False?
• Immediately after Pearl Harbor, Japanese immigrant men like Yuri Kochiyama's father were detained under the Alien Enemies Act of 1798. True or False?
• Which term best characterizes the concept of Disposability?
• The Moynihan Report argued that social problems were a lasting result of oppression experienced during slavery.
• Militarization of the police refers to what?
• Which case barred Chinese and Chinese Americans from testifying for or against any caucasian person?
• Which of the following does NOT describe the Prison Industrial Complex?
• Southern Strategy refers to which idea?
• What was the goal of the "Southern Strategy" in the presidential campaigns?
• Relf v. Weinberger held that involuntary sterilization of two young Black girls was
• According to Angela Davis, prisons "perform a feat of magic." Why?
• According to Robin Kelley, how are Black folks framed within state power?
• According to the notes, what does Coates say about racism's persistence?
• The War on Drugs describes what?
• Abolition refers to
• Which statement about settler colonialism is NOT accurate?
• In anti-pipeline activism, which legal concepts are commonly invoked as foundational by Indigenous groups?
• Which case addressed excluding students of color from attending a white school, setting an important early desegregation precedent?
• Which scholars are cited in the material as discussing mass incarceration?
• Who founded the first off-reservation and federally funded American Indian boarding school?
• In Michelle Alexander's framework, which stage is the middle stage?
• Which act, mentioned in the material, eroded the 1965 Voting Rights Act?
• Which case in 1947 contributed to California’s desegregation efforts before Brown?
• Tape v. Hurley is best described as a case addressing which issue?
• The Fourth of July speech challenges the idea that independence celebrations apply equally to Black Americans. True or False?
• Which statement best describes the Plenary Power Doctrine?
• According to Angela Davis, which of the following is NOT part of the proposed alternatives to prisons?
• Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) was the Supreme Court case that which of the following is accurate?
• Which statement best captures the relationship between racism and power according to Coates?
• What constitutes state violence according to Kelley?
• As a result of the 1972 revelation of the 40-year Tuskegee Study what was a result of what happened?
• Which statement best reflects the Model Minority concept as used in mid-20th century discourse?
• In the context of the material, which description corresponds to environmental racism?
• Which of the following best describes the ethics reforms prompted by the Tuskegee Study revelations?
• Genocide is defined as acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, which type of group?
• In the Plessy case context described, which law did Plessy challenge?
• Which of the following is NOT part of the Angela Davis-proposed alternatives to prisons?
• Recidivism is defined as which of the following?
• Which statement best captures the central claim about citizenship and race in US history as described in the material?
• Dred Scott v. Sandford is historically associated with which principle?
• Health disparities refer to differences in which of the following among specific population groups in the United States?
• The effect of increased immigration enforcement was to increase the net number of undocumented migrants by stopping the circular flow of migrants.
• What was the main policy behind the Dawes Act?
• Which act offered freedom to enslaved Africans who would serve in the British army against the colonists?
• Which statement best describes the Prison Industrial Complex?
• Which provision was included in the 1994 Crime Bill (Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act)?
• Which statements characterize Indigenous youth involvement in anti-pipeline activism as described by Chase Puentes and Nicolette Worrell?
• Which term means reducing penalties for a criminal act without legalizing it?
• Which legal concept describes policies that have racially unequal outcomes even without proving racist intent?
• Which statement describes the impact of the 1964 Civil Rights Act on education?
• Which of the following lists correctly names all three stages of mass incarceration as described by Michelle Alexander?
• Who delivered the speech 'What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?'
• In McCleskey v. Kemp (1987), the Supreme Court held that disparities in death penalty outcomes do not, by themselves, prove unconstitutional discrimination without proof of discriminatory intent.
• What term describes the pattern of environmental hazards disproportionately affecting marginalized communities, as highlighted by Natalia Marques?
• The ACLU argues in relation to immigration detention and sterilization abuse that:
• Which statement best captures the meaning of abolition in this context?
• Executive Order 9066 (1942) authorized the military to remove all Japanese and Japanese Americans from the West Coast, including children, the elderly, and the disabled.
• Which of the following contributes to high recidivism rates after someone has been convicted of a crime?
• In Brown v Board, which statement reflects the Court's intangible considerations supporting desegregation?
• Teaching Tolerance's assessment of Brown describes integrated schools as offering benefits to both White and non-White students, including higher academic achievement and civic involvement. True or False?
• Informed consent means permission granted with knowledge of possible consequences. Which option completes this definition?
• The set of interpretative codes and meanings that operate in the interaction of daily life is called
• What is urban blight?
• Which term best describes a policing approach focused on minor offenses to deter more serious crimes?
• Felony Disenfranchisement laws refer to:
• Dorothy Roberts emphasizes reproductive justice as including which of the following?
• Decriminalization means what?
• Which act contributed to the rapid loss of Native American lands to the US and white settlers?
• What is the Prison Industrial Complex?
• Which statement is NOT described as part of oil pipelines as "modern day colonization" by Puentes and Worrell?
• Myla Carpio connects sterilization abuse to systemic racism and advocates for which approach?
• In the history of citizenship in the United States, which of the following laws or cases did NOT exclude racialized groups from citizenship?
• Which domain is commonly affected by collateral consequences of mass incarceration?
• Which statement is NOT part of the environmental racism concept as defined?
• The proposition that the Court supported busing as a desegregation strategy in 1971 is best described as?
• In Kelley's framing, what does the term 'enemy combatants' imply about citizenship?
• The 1830 North Carolina law forbidding teaching Black slaves to read and write prefaced the law by claiming that teaching them to read and write would create:
• A plea bargain involves which arrangement?
• Which statement best reflects Coates's view on racism's nature?
• In Frederick Douglass's speech, the Fourth of July is presented as solely a celebration of white Americans' freedom.
• In what year did the National Research Act require IRBs for federally funded human subjects research?
• According to the material, the Louisiana v. Callais decision (2026) eroded the 1965 Voting Rights Act by which outcome?
• What term refers to government-led efforts to reduce illegal drug use by increasing penalties?
• The first U.S. law to explicitly deny entry to a racial or ethnic working group and to last for more than fifty years was the:
• The 1965 Hart-Celler Act affected U.S. immigration policy by:
• Relf v. Weinberger involved coercive sterilization in the United States and is primarily about sterilization abuse. Which option best captures this issue?
• Which of the following is NOT an example of how white privilege and power were legally or socially constructed?
• The process by which social, economic, and political forces determine the content and importance of racial categories, and by which they are in turn shaped by racial meanings is called
• In the film No Man Bebes it was clear that the main issue before the court in the Madrigal v. Quillihan court case of 1978 was:
• Angela Davis identifies three interconnected ideas about punishment and policing: prison industrial complex, prison labor, and abolitionist alternatives. Which option accurately reflects these themes?
• Which of the following is NOT true about Yuri Kochiyama?
• What is White flight?
• The Susie Phipps case in Louisiana is associated with which principle, where distant Black ancestry would classify someone as Black despite self-identification as white?
• The 'They Keep Coming' immigration narrative shapes policies in which ways? (Check all that apply)
• The Flint water crisis occurred in which year, as cited in discussions of environmental justice?
• Mass Incarceration refers to which concept?
• The 1974 National Research Act required what?
• Which case involved the Lemon Grove School District in 1931?
• According to Pem Buck in 'Derailing Rebellion,' the psychological wage was used to give poor and landless whites a feeling of
• The Alien Enemies Act of 1798 allowed detention and deportation of natives and citizens of an enemy nation without due process based on:
• With the Emancipation Proclamation, President Abraham Lincoln did not end slavery in the United States—only slavery in areas resisting the Union. True or False?